🏛️ Plato — Myth of Er — 75 Flashcards
Myth of Er · Republic · Timaeus · Immortality · Moires · Lethe · Georges Leroux
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🏛️ Q&A Cards — Plato
75 questions and answers from the Republic (614a–621d)
Q1. Where does the conversation reported in Plato's Republic take place?
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Q2. What is the central subject of the inquiry conducted by Socrates and his interlocutors?
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Q3. According to Georges Leroux's introduction, what are the three poles of Plato's tripartition of the soul?
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Q4. According to Cephalus, what is the true cause of the misfortunes that some attribute to old age?
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Q5. What is the definition of justice first proposed by Cephalus in Book I?
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Q6. By what counterexample does Socrates refute the definition of justice as simply returning what one has received?
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Q7. What maxim of the poet Simonides does Polemarchus use to define justice?
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Q8. How does Polemarchus interpret the notion of 'what is owed' toward friends and enemies?
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Q9. Why does Socrates state that it is never just to harm anyone, even an enemy?
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Q10. What is the central thesis defended by the sophist Thrasymachus in Book I?
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Q11. According to Thrasymachus, what motivates rulers when they establish laws?
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Q12. What argument does Socrates oppose to Thrasymachus concerning the infallibility of rulers?
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Q13. According to Socrates' analogy of the arts, what is the aim of every art (techne) in the strict sense?
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Q14. For Thrasymachus, which historical or political figure represents injustice brought to perfection?
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Q15. According to Socrates, why do good men accept the burden of ruling?
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Q16. How does Socrates define the 'proper function' (ergon) of a thing?
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Q17. What specific functions of the human soul does Socrates identify at the end of Book I?
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Q18. What is the link between virtue (arete) and the proper function of an organ or faculty?
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Q19. What conclusion does Socrates draw from the idea that justice is the virtue of the soul?
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Q20. In the challenge posed to Socrates at the beginning of Book II, in which category of goods does Glaucon place justice?
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Q21. According to the theory of the social contract presented by Glaucon, what is the origin of justice?
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Q22. What does the myth of the ring of Gyges reported by Glaucon seek to demonstrate?
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Q23. What is the essence of supreme injustice according to Glaucon's description?
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Q24. What reproach does Adeimantus make against poets and parents concerning education in justice?
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Q25. What method does Socrates propose to make the search for justice in the individual easier?
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Q26. According to Socrates, what is the fundamental cause of the birth of a city?
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Q27. What principle governs the division of labor in the city of nature described by Socrates?
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Q28. How does Socrates characterize the city into which luxury and superfluous desires are introduced?
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Q29. Why does the emergence of a luxurious city make war inevitable according to Plato?
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Q30. What dual nature does Socrates require of the Guardians of the ideal city?
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Q31. In the education of the Guardians, what are the two traditional pillars of Greek paideia retained by Plato?
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Q32. What is the first theological rule that Socrates imposes on poetic accounts of God?
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Q33. Why does Socrates reject poetic representations of gods changing shape or lying?
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Q34. What Greek term designates the insatiable desire for gain, often identified as the source of injustice?
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Q35. According to Socrates, what is the effect of injustice on a group's capacity for action?
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Q36. What is the purpose of the censorship of poets such as Homer and Hesiod proposed in Book II?
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Q37. How does Socrates refute Thrasymachus' idea that the shepherd cares for the sheep for their good?
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Q38. According to Glaucon, what fate awaits the perfectly just man who refuses to appear just?
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Q39. In the myth of the metals, mentioned in the introduction, which social class corresponds to gold?
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Q40. What is the social function of the class of 'auxiliaries' in the ideal city?
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Q41. What kind of story does Socrates call a 'noble lie'?
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Q42. According to the text, why did Socrates go down to the Piraeus at the beginning of the dialogue?
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Q43. Which virtue is specifically associated with the class of warrior auxiliaries?
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Q44. In the analogy of the soul, which part must naturally rule over the others?
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Q45. What is the role of thumos or spiritedness in a well-ordered soul?
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Q46. According to Socrates, why is it absurd to say that the just person seeks to gain an advantage over someone like himself?
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Q47. What is the supreme penalty for a good man who refuses to exercise power?
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Q48. Why does Socrates criticize poets' representations of the fear of death?
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Q49. What is the definition of justice in the city established in Book IV, as mentioned in the introduction?
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Q50. How does Thrasymachus define the position of the just man in relation to the unjust man in private contracts?
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Q51. What metal is associated with farmers and craftsmen in the myth of the metals?
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Q52. According to Socrates, what is the effect of music on a young man's character?
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Q53. Why does Socrates compare the ruler to a ship's pilot?
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Q54. According to Adeimantus, what do the 'begging priests' tell the rich in order to seduce them?
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Q55. What provisional conclusion does Socrates reach at the end of Book I concerning his own inquiry?
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Q56. What character trait does Thrasymachus attribute to Socrates in order to denounce his method of discussion?
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Q57. According to Socrates, what kind of eyesight is needed to read justice in the city before reading it in the individual?
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Q58. Which category of people does Socrates regard as the 'true Guardians' of the city?
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Q59. In the debate with Thrasymachus, how does Socrates define the excellence of the eyes?
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Q60. According to Thrasymachus, why do people blame injustice?
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Q61. Which poet is criticized for suggesting that the gods are responsible for human misfortunes?
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Q62. What is the usefulness of justice in peacetime according to the first exchange with Polemarchus?
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Q63. Why does Socrates say that the just person is a kind of 'skilled thief' in his refutation of Polemarchus?
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Q64. What physical reaction does Thrasymachus have when he is cornered by Socrates' arguments in Book I?
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Q65. According to Plato, what is the danger of allowing poets to imitate base or vicious characters?
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Q66. How does Socrates justify the need for physicians in the luxurious city?
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Q67. What principle of divine justice does Adeimantus reject as a moral corruption?
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Q68. What is the objective of gymnastics combined with music in the education of the Guardians?
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Q69. What role does Niceratus play in the dramatic setting of the dialogue?
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Q70. Why does Plato exclude stories of disputes among the gods from children's education?
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Q71. According to Socrates, what advantage does a city gain from citizens who practice temperance (sophrosyne)?
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Q72. What distinction does Socrates make between the 'true lie' and the 'lie in words'?
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Q73. What condition is necessary for an art to be considered 'perfect' according to Socrates?
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Q74. According to Thrasymachus, what is the reward of the unjust man who succeeds in tyranny?
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Q75. Which figure is described by Cephalus as having said, 'I have escaped from a raging master,' speaking of love?
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